Percentage Calculator

Calculate percentages, increases & decreases.

What is X% of Y?
% of=?
X is what percent of Y?
?
Percent change from X to Y
?

Three Answers From Two Numbers

Enter X and Y once, and the calculator solves all three classic percentage questions simultaneously — no mode switching:

QuestionFormulaX=20, Y=80
What is X% of Y?(X ÷ 100) × Y16
X is what percent of Y?(X ÷ Y) × 10025%
Percent change from X to Y((Y − X) ÷ X) × 100+300%

Results appear as you type, rounded to two decimals, with increases shown as positive and decreases as negative.

Worked Example: A Price Rise

Your rent goes from $1,400 to $1,540. Enter X = 1400, Y = 1540: the change row shows +10% ((1540 − 1400) ÷ 1400 × 100). Cross-check with the first row: 10% of 1400 is 140 — exactly the increase. And the middle row tells you the old rent is 90.91% of the new one. Three views of the same numbers, and each answers a different real question.

The Asymmetry That Trips Everyone Up

Percent change is always measured against the starting value, which makes it direction-dependent. From 80 to 100 is +25%, but from 100 back to 80 is −20% — same distance, different percentages, because the base changed. The extreme case: a stock that drops 50% needs a +100% gain to recover. Whenever a headline says "up X% then down X%", the end point is below the start.

Everyday Shortcuts

  • Tips: use row one — 18% of a $64 bill: enter 18 and 64, read $11.52.
  • 10% mentally: shift the decimal (10% of 84 = 8.4); 5% is half that; 20% is double.
  • The swap trick: X% of Y equals Y% of X. 4% of 75 feels awkward; 75% of 4 is obviously 3.
  • Discount stacking: −20% then −10% is not −30% — it's ×0.8 ×0.9 = ×0.72, i.e. −28%.
  • Points vs. percent: a rate going from 4% to 5% rises 1 percentage point but 25 percent.

All calculation happens live in your browser — nothing is sent to a server.

Frequently Asked Questions

What calculations does this tool do?
Three at once from the same two inputs: what is X% of Y, X as a percentage of Y, and the percent change from X to Y. All results update live as you type.
How is percentage increase calculated?
Subtract the old value from the new, divide by the old value, multiply by 100. From 50 to 75: (75 − 50) ÷ 50 × 100 = +50%.
Why is +25% followed by −25% not back where I started?
Each percentage applies to its own base. 80 + 25% = 100, but 100 − 25% = 75. Percent changes measure against the starting value, so equal-looking moves in opposite directions are not symmetric.
Can I use it for tips and discounts?
Yes — the "X% of Y" row handles both: enter the tip or discount percentage and the bill amount. For a discounted price, subtract the result from the original.
What is the difference between percent and percentage points?
Percentage points compare rates by subtraction (4% → 6% is +2 points); percent compares them by ratio (the same move is a 50% increase). News reports mix these up constantly.